Failure analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the cause of a failure.

Ionic information such as Fluoride, Chloride, Nitrite, Bromide, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Magnesium, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, calcium, and Ammonium and combination with the other failure analysis methodology (FTIR) to assist in isolation and identification of the potential root cause of a problem

Adopted by European Union, February 2003, Directive 2002/95/EC

Printed circuit board or PCB is to connect all electronic components using conductive pathways or tracks etched from copper sheets and laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. Each electronic components are having specific creepage and clearance to prevent possible short circuit.